Sankranthi, also known as Pongal in South India, is a vibrant and joyous harvest festival celebrated in the Indian subcontinent. This auspicious occasion marks the end of the winter solstice and the beginning of the sun’s journey northwards, known as Uttarayan. It is a time when farmers express their gratitude for a bountiful harvest and seek blessings for a prosperous year ahead.
Sankranthi is observed with great enthusiasm and fervor in different regions of India, each with its own unique traditions and customs. In South India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, the festival is known as Pongal and is celebrated over four days.
Pongal Dish: A Delicious Delight
One of the highlights of the Pongal festival is the preparation of the traditional dish called Pongal. It is a delectable combination of freshly harvested rice, lentils, jaggery, and ghee, cooked together in a clay pot. The aroma of the dish fills the air, enticing everyone to partake in the festivities.
The first day of Pongal, known as Bhogi, is dedicated to the worship of Lord Indra, the god of rain and fertility. On this day, people discard old belongings and decorate their homes with colorful rangoli designs. They also light a bonfire to symbolize the burning of the past and the arrival of a new beginning.
Traditional Rituals and Cattle Worship
The second day of Pongal, known as Thai Pongal, is the main day of celebration. People wake up early in the morning and prepare a special dish of Pongal as an offering to the Sun God. They dress up in traditional attire and perform puja (prayers) to express their gratitude for the harvest.
One of the unique aspects of Pongal is the worship of cattle. Cows and bulls are adorned with colorful garlands and worshipped as a symbol of prosperity and wealth. They are fed a special meal of Pongal and taken for a ceremonial procession in the village.
Kite Flying: Soaring High in the Sky
The third day of Pongal, known as Mattu Pongal, is dedicated to the worship of cattle. In addition to the rituals, this day is also known for the thrilling activity of kite flying. People of all ages gather on rooftops and open fields to fly colorful kites. The sky becomes a canvas of vibrant colors as the kites soar high above.
On the fourth and final day of Pongal, known as Kaanum Pongal, people visit their relatives and friends to exchange greetings and good wishes. They also indulge in various forms of entertainment, such as traditional games, music, and dance performances.
Bonfire and Lohri: Celebrating the Harvest in Punjab
While Sankranthi is celebrated as Pongal in South India, it is known as Lohri in Punjab. Lohri is a popular festival celebrated with great enthusiasm in the northern region of India. It is marked by the lighting of a bonfire, singing and dancing around it, and offering prayers for a prosperous harvest.
People gather around the bonfire and toss sesame seeds, jaggery, and popcorn into the flames as an offering to the fire god. They sing traditional folk songs, perform bhangra (a lively dance form), and enjoy delicious snacks and sweets.
Whether it is Pongal in South India or Lohri in Punjab, Sankranthi is a festival that brings communities together, fostering a sense of unity and joy. It is a time to celebrate the abundance of nature, express gratitude, and seek blessings for a prosperous year ahead.
As the sun’s rays grow stronger and the days become longer, Sankranthi marks the beginning of a new season filled with hope and optimism. It is a festival that not only celebrates the harvest but also the spirit of togetherness and gratitude.
